Pros And Cons Of Animal Testing - 1288 Words

â€Å"Each animal bred or used for research, whether a mouse, fish, or monkey, is an individual capable of experiencing pain, suffering, and distress† (â€Å"Animal† 2013). The advancements in technology today had sparked a debate worldwide on whether it is right or wrong to use animals for experimentation in laboratories. With newly advanced scientific technology, experts are able to utilize advanced technology to simulate functions of the human body on a much smaller scale, including microchips of human tissue and cells, computer models, and cadavers. Under those circumstances, harm and torture of animals in laboratories could potentially cease. Those in society who advocate for animal testing disagree with the reliability of these techniques,†¦show more content†¦As a result of societal and federal arguments posing the question whether animal testing is ethical and just, the legality and funding of animal testing is at risk. Opponents of animal testing argue that the effectiveness of animal testing is not enough to torture innocent creatures. For instance, â€Å"94% of all drugs that pass animal tests fail in human clinical trials,† (â€Å"Animals† 2017). Under those circumstances, thousands of animals are burned, force fed, confined, malnourished, and starved without there being any benefits as a result. Correspondingly, testing on animals is expensive. â€Å"Every year in the U.S., animal experimentation gobbles up billions of dollars (including 40 percent of all research funding from the National Institutes of Health)† (â€Å"Animal† 2017). Rather than spending money on experiments that fail much more than they succeed, it can alternatively be spent in more significant ways. â€Å"More human lives could be saved and more suffering prevented by educating people about the importance of avoiding fat and cholesterol, quitting smoking, reducing alcohol and other drug consumption, exercising regularly, and cle aning up the environment than by all the animal testing in the world,† (â€Å"Animal† 2017). Furthermore, the cons of animal testing outweigh the pros. Many believe that most animals are given painkillers and have minimal abuse due to the protection of the AWA, but research and statistics proves different. â€Å"Because the AWA specifically excludesShow MoreRelatedThe Pros and Cons of Animal Testing2973 Words   |  12 Pagescabinet has been tested on an animal at one point or another. A government funded corporation called the Food and Drug Administration, abbreviated as the FDA, is in charge of making sure that all drugs, cosmetics, biological products, and more are efficient, secure, and safe for human usage. The FDA will not allow any drug to be released or sold to the human population if it has not first been tested on animals. In fact, when a drug is first created it is tested on animals before humans are even allowedRead MoreThe Pros and Cons of Animal Testing1413 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Each year in USA laboratories more then 100 million animals are burned, poisoned and lamed (Top 5 Shocking Animal Experimentation Facts). Each year scientists use animals in order to progress, to improve life of people and animals. However, many testing animals suffer and die. But others do not agree and support the fact that we should use animals because of advance. So what are advantages and disadvantages of using animals? This problem will be researched from different areas such asRead MorePros And Cons Of Animal Testing1074 Words   |  5 Pages Animal Testing is a enormous upset in the word today. Animal activist have been trying to put an end to it for years , but to no avail. Animal testing is when scientist will use animals to do experiments on . They will either hook heavy machinery to these poor defenseless animals or inject them with harsh chemicals just to see if its okay for human use. Over 26 millions of animals are used every year in just the united states alone for these cruel acts by the hand of man. Testing on animals haveRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Animal Testing2487 Words   |  10 PagesMillions of animals suffer painfully and even die as an outcome of scientific research. The effects of drugs, food additives, cosmetics and other chemical products slowly kill innocent animals every year. Although some people believe animal testing is necessary, others firmly believe that the alternatives choices that have been discovered o ver the years are the way to go. Especially because these choices are cheaper, more reliable and do not harm animals. This essay looks into the pros and cons of animalRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Animal Testing1725 Words   |  7 PagesEach year, more than 100 million animals are experimented on in U.S. laboratories. These experiments are for things such as biology lessons, medical training, curiosity-driven experimentation, and chemical, drug, food, and cosmetics testing.(Procon writers) Animal testing, also known as animal experimentation, is the use of non-human animals in experiments that seek to control the variables that affect the behavior or biological system under study. Animal testing is controversial and people findRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Animal Testing826 Words   |  4 PagesAnimal testing, although extremely debated, is something that should no longer be practiced anywhere around the world. Let’s start by taking a look at just how much animal testing is practiced in the United States as well as in other countries. The article called, â€Å"Animal Use Statistics† from the Humane Society International, says, â€Å"Only a small proportion of countries collect and publish data concerning their use of animals for testing and research, but it is estimated that more than 115 millionRead MorePros And Cons Of Animal Testing905 Words   |  4 PagesAnimal testing has been the target of animal cruelty groups since the beginning of its existence, but the benefits it provides, humans and animals far greater than the type of method that is used to get the results. Scientists Karl Landsteiner’s success in finding a cure to polio is an example of how the benefits of animal testing helped better future human lives. In his experiments he discovered that Polio viruses had three variations, meaning that they would have to produce a product that couldRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Animal Testing1502 Words   |  7 Pagesthat animal tes ting is beneficial to the advancement of human knowledge, while animal rights’ activists claim that animal testing is not humane and violates animals’ rights. The controversy over animal testing is best understood as a disagreement about whether animal testing is beneficial to humans. Each year more than 100 million animals are killed in the U.S. Every country has a law that permits medical experimentation on animals. While some countries protect particular kinds of animals fromRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Animal Testing On Animals1896 Words   |  8 PagesHow many animals do you think are used each year in the United States, alone for scientific and commercial animal testing? What if I told you, 26-million animals, remember just in the United States, are used yearly. Animal testing has been used for research since at least 500 B.C. Some people, such as Scientists, say it has extremely revolutionized the society that we are today, such as being able to have vacci nes. If it was not for animals testing, we would not have the Hepatitis B shot. In contrastRead MorePros And Cons Of Animal Testing1522 Words   |  7 Pagesworld, there has been an enduring controversial issue and that is animal testing and research. Since the beginning of medicine, animals were used in the testing of drugs, vaccines, and medical devices to determine the safety of a product due to their similarities in diseases with humans. However this is considered unnecessary due to the creation of alternatives for animal testing. Despite these alternatives the majority of animal testing still has not come to halt. This issue deserves to be attentive

Memory Is A Key Aspect Of Psychology - 1856 Words

Memory is a key aspect of psychology and thus much research has been conducted into the way it works. Early research by Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968) has led to the proposition of models about the nature of memory. Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968) proposed the two store model of memory, this included sensory stores, short term memory and long term memory. They also determined that storage and transferal of information to long term memory is encouraged and enabled by the processes of short term methods such as encoding and rehearsal. In short term memory, Miller (1956) found there to be a magic number of pieces of information that could be temporarily remembered and this was 7+/- 2; this broad range of 5-9 chunks of information tends to include†¦show more content†¦It is supported that recognition is much easier than recall as recognition â€Å"is simply memory that something (sight, sound, smell, touch) has been experienced before† however recall tends to require learning (J. Butler, K. Holden, W. Lidwell 2010, p.200). Shepard (1967) supports that recognition is very good for words, sentences and pictures by finding that out of 600 previously seen stimuli when the old stimuli were paired with new, the participants were able to correctly recognise the old stimuli 90% of the time for words, 88% for sentences and 98% for pictures. This shows that recognition of stimuli is high for a number of information however it is highest for pictures. Understanding that recognition is stronger than recall has led to changes in how computers are designed, due to the knowledge that recognition is stronger than recall computers have been designed to allow users to be shown options and choose from them, for example drop down lists, rather than telling the computer what they require; this has led to computers being more user friendly (Johnson et al., 1989). Based on previous research, this study aims to further investigate whether recall or recognition is the superior method of retrieval of memory and thus support previous studies. Therefore, the experimental hypothesis H1 is that memory scores for recognition will be higher than those for recall memory scores. The null hypothesis H0 is that there will

Hong Ngoc Dynasty hotel, one of the best hotels free essay sample

Last year my family went to Ha Noi to visit our relatives and it was great trip leaving many memories to me, especially in Hong Ngoc Dynasty hotel, one of the best hotels I have visited in my list. When I came to Ha Noi, there were many things that I must do before leaving Noi Bai airport like taking our stuff or booking a taxi to leave, it took about 30 minutes to go by taxi and I thought I will get exhausted when I came to the hotel but the hotel’s service made me feel better again immediately.The hotel was designed in a traditional way which makes you feel like you live in the past 20 years ago, I think this the main reason why are many foreigners want to book a room to rest. When you step into the main area of the hotel, you will be surprised because it is too beautiful like an old castle. We will write a custom essay sample on Hong Ngoc Dynasty hotel, one of the best hotels or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The hotel is bright with the lovely smell that will regain your energy after a long day trip, also you will get a warm welcome from one of a staff of the hotel, they gave my family some fresh water to drink while we were waiting for our room. Although there were many customers waited for their room, the reception of the hotel still worked very fast and it just took my family only 10 minutes to wait. Staff in the hotel helped us to move our luggage to our room and it was a nice cozy room for me. It is not a big room but the room’s color is wonderful like it wants to tell us to go to bed soon, I threw my luggage on the floor and went to sleep.Next morning, my family woke up at 7 am and the reception called us to prepare for the breakfast, my father told me to have a meal first because we did not eat anything last night. When I got down to the main area of the hotel, the staff led us to the hotel’s restaurant which was very clean and the smell of the food surround me. The menu of the restaurant has much traditional foods in Vietnam and foreign food which can satisfy any customers, I sure that you cannot resist food in there, it is delicious that you just want to eat more and more. In conclusion, I think everyone who has a trip in Ha Noi should try to stay one night in Hong Ngoc Dynasty hotel, their service will not let you get disappointed, you will feel like your home. Moreover, managers of this hotel always improve their service and try to become the best hotel in Ha Noi in the future.

Pantheon Essays (1897 words) - Domes, Pantheon, Rome,

Pantheon I chose to report on the pantheon because I've seen pictures and I am also very fascinated by all the Roman monuments. I looked all around the internet and libraries. The Pantheon was very hard to find information about. It was very challenging but I found enough information to complete this report. This famous building stands in the business district of Romemuch as it was built some 18 centuries ago. Amazingly, it has withstood the ravages of both the elements and war permitting a firsthand view of a unique product constructed by Roman hands. Now, it is exposed to acid rain and fumes from passing automobiles and overshadowed by buildings of inferior taste; but, with trust in the future, the Pantheon will survive. Unrecognized, the design of this ancient concrete building reveals unparalleled features not encountered in modern design standards. Recent studies reveal several major cracks in the dome, but it still functions unimpaired. This condition will surely excite the curiosity of our structural engineers. The building was built entirely without steel reinforcing rods to resist tensile cracking, so necessary in concrete members, and for this concrete dome with a long span to last centuries is incredible. Today, no engineer would dare build this structure without steel rods! Modern codes of engineering practice would not permit such mischief. No investor with knowledge of concrete design would provide the funding. Additional constraints when attempting to build a structure as large as the Pantheon will be discussed later, but briefly they include the use of inadequate hand tools and unsafe lifting devices. I believe we can learn from this activity. Workers can build from a plan and can successfully use their proven practices only if construction quality controls are maintained. History tells us that the Pantheon is a Greek word meaning to honor all Gods (particularly the Olympian divinities). It is ironic that our building has existed throughout many wars while being dedicated to all Gods; one can readily perceive this to be a temple for our one God. And, the Church has claimed this holy structure as a resting place for its most famous Popes, so we continue to honor its magnificent divinity. The first incarnation of this ancient temple was built by Agrippa, the son-in-law of the Roman Emperor Augustus, about 27 B.C. Today, above the entrance carved in stone are the words "M. AGRIPPA L. F. COS. TERTIUM FECIT" which is translated, "Marcus Agrippa, son of Lucius, in his third consulate, made it." Indeed, it is worth mentioning that Agrippa's engineering talents were used in building the famous Pont de Gard aqueduct in France. As with many cities, tragedy in the form of large fires such as those of 60, 64, 79, 100 and 110 A.D. seemed to strike Rome. Originally, many Roman buildings contained travertine (limestone rock) which easily cracked in fires. The first Pantheon was severely damaged and required replacement except for some parts of the lower porch section and foundation. The Pantheon was rebuilt by the Emperor Hadrian during the period 118 to 128 A.D. (a time given by Ward-Perkins).2 But the Ward-Perkins's period is disputed by, Lugli who said the building was started sometime after 123 A.D. and was finished by Emperor Pius about 140 A.D.3 However, most of the bricks were made and placed in the Pantheon in 123 A.D., a date that the maker stamped on his bricks. This was discovered in 1892 by the French archaeologist, George Chedanne. It appears the construction of the rotunda walls took a period of 4 to 5 years, and the dome required a like period because of its height and the meager tools the Romans used. This long construction period was fortunate as it gave this pozzolan concrete ample time to cure and gain strength. Was the second temple like the first? Yes, the fundamental principle of the old Roman religion required that the temples be rebuilt without changes in original form. Tradition required that the main entrance face north, and thus the whole building was oriented on the north-south axis of the building. A description of its structural features is separated into the configuration, foundation ring, circular walls, and dome to more clearly define various components. How these pieces are unique in view of today's design requirements will be discussed shortly. Body The Pantheon is one of the great spiritual buildings of the world. It was built as a Roman temple and later consecrated as a Catholic Church. Its monumental porch originally faced a rectangular colonnaded temple courtyard and now enfronts the smaller Piazza della Rotonda.

How to answer Where do you see yourself in 5 yearsÂÂ

How to answer Where do you see yourself  in 5 years   There’s a question that seems to pop up all the time, and you can count on hearing it from inquiring bosses, curious colleagues, friends and family members, and perhaps most often- and most importantly- on job interviews. It’s ‘Where do you see yourself in five years?† How you answer this can say plenty about you. Want to learn how to best handle this question if you’re ever confronted with it and there’s a lot depending on your answer, like possibly getting a new job? Typically, this question arises on interviews in an effort to gauge your long-term career aspirations, as well as your ability to be self-reflective and think quickly on your feet. If you were faced with this question, would you be able to competently answer it in a way that would reflect positively on you? You certainly should be, because your answer may reveal a lot about you to the hiring personnel who are evaluating you as a potential candidate.If you’re starting to ge t anxious about whether or not your ability to answer this question effectively passes muster, don’t be- there are several strategies you can take advantage of in order to handle it well and improve your position during interviews. The Balance published an article  that covers some helpful strategies for letting the world know where you see yourself in 5 years. Make the most of the advice presented here to knock this question out of the park when it comes your way.Be honestThe first thing to do when confronted with this question is to take a deep breath and relax. Why? Because it’s not a trick question and it’s not designed to be. You shouldn’t feel pressured into making up a fantastical answer that demonstrates a desire to be on some unrealistic career trajectory. At its core, of your answer should reflect an honest but carefully considered and logical look at how you’d like to see your professional goals expand and evolve over time. It’s ok to reflect a level of ambition; in fact, your answer should show a desire for growth- no one fully respects a stagnant mindset. Just make sure that your answer shows a deep understanding of the industry you’re pursuing, reflects a level of growth that someone can reasonably hope to achieve in 5 years (going from the mailroom to the CEO’s desk may not be the best response, even if it’s what you’re aiming for), and includes a plan for making it all happen if pressed to elaborate.Don’t hop over the position in front of youYes, you want your answer to this question to highlight the fact that your ambitious and hope to achieve professional growth over the next 5 years, but you don’t want your answer to make it seem as if the current job in front of you is merely a brief stepping stone that you hope to leapfrog past quickly. Make sure your answer doesn’t come across that way.Mind your body languageAlways be sure that your delivery is ju st as strong as the content of your answer, because your audience will certainly be paying attention. Be sure to answer confidently and succinctly with impeccable body language and focus, and you’ll be doing you and your well-thought-out answer a real service.Highlight your giftsWhenever there’s a good opportunity to highlight your skill set and abilities on a job interview you should take it- it really doesn’t hurt to remind an interviewer what makes you a great candidate who potentially stands out from the crowd of applicants. So make sure that you back up your 5-year plan with reasons how and why your talents will help make it all possible.A few good answersUptowork published an article that highlights several well-crafted answers to the question â€Å"Where do you see yourself in 5 years?† Consider adapting these sample responses to fit your situation and goals.â€Å"In five years, I want to complete the internal training program for my position. Iâ €™ve read about it on your website, and I think it’s a fabulous program. Not only would I get all the training for my role, but I would be on the fast track to becoming a project manager. That’s my top career goal. Plus, my ideal path would include working abroad for a couple of years. I understand that it’s of value to you to find people prepared to do so.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"One of the reasons I want to work for PG is because I find your personalized approach to training attractive. I’m excited about the opportunity to work with a mentor and immerse myself in learning new skills. I’m also the type of employee that likes to hit the ground running and jump into projects as soon as possible. So, over the next five years, I see myself taking on as many complex assignments as the position would allow. By the end of that period, I want to say that I’ve built lasting client relationships. I want to say that I’m one of the best Salespeople on the team. I wouldn’t mind becoming someone who could train and mentor others when the time comes as well.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"As a marketing professional, I want to develop my skill set. At the end of the next five years, I want to know how to use software like Photoshop or InDesign. I want to have a better understanding of social media and video marketing. Plus I’d like to get into project management. I would like to learn on the job. Regardless, I want to look into online or evening courses. My hope is that I can apply my new skills to my job with you.†There’s no need to get nervous at the thought of having to tackle the (almost inevitable) question â€Å"Where do you see yourself in 5 years?† on interviews and other high-stakes situations. Use the strategies and advice presented here to put your best foot forward when answering this classic question. Good luck!Source: [zety.com]

A Quiz About Tactical Syntactical Revision

A Quiz About Tactical Syntactical Revision A Quiz About Tactical Syntactical Revision A Quiz About Tactical Syntactical Revision By Mark Nichol Most writers understand that whole subject-verb-predicate thing, but there’s more to crafting sentences than making sure they include those basic ingredients (but not necessarily in that order and, then again, a sentence doesn’t really require any of those elements). The following sample sentences suffer from poor organization (and, as a result, their readers suffer, too). Although the information in them is present in fundamentally correct grammatical components, the syntax the arrangement of these building blocks is clumsily ineffectual. Redistribute the parts of these sentences for optimum impact, and then compare your solutions with mine, provided and annotated below each example. (This is a new format for quiz-type posts here let me know whether you like this format or prefer that my revisions be collected together at the bottom of the page.) 1. â€Å"He says he doesn’t think a prominent breast cancer charity should continue giving grants to Planned Parenthood because it provides abortion services.† The location of the â€Å"because . . .† phrase at the end of the sentence can confuse readers into assuming that there is a reason other than the one stated that the paraphrased speaker supports the grants. But the sentence means that the stated policy is the reason the person does not support them. This ambiguity is resolved by inserting the â€Å"because . . .† phrase at the head of the sentence: â€Å"Because Planned Parenthood provides abortion services, he says, he doesn’t think a prominent breast cancer charity should continue giving grants to the organization.† 2. â€Å"Passengers who refuse to complete the screening process cannot be granted access to the secure area in order to ensure the safety of others traveling.† The problem in this sentence is similar to that of that in the first example. A reader might assume that the intention of the passengers is to ensure the safety of other travelers, but that they will be granted access for another reason. Other misreadings are also likely. This confusion is eliminated by placing the concluding modifying phrase at the head of the sentence: â€Å"In order to ensure the safety of others traveling, passengers who refuse to complete the screening process cannot be granted access to the secure area.† 3. â€Å"America should rely on the entrepreneurship and goodness of its citizens to be a great society, not on the well-intentioned but ineffective policies of government agencies.† This sentence is not incorrect, but it is weakly constructed, spoiling the conclusion by placing it near the head of the sentence and trailing off with the alternative. Sentences intended to persuade are most effective when they first dismiss an obverse point of view and are anchored with the point of argument. (The sentence preceding this parenthesis has a similar effect.) Also, the stated goal is stronger when located at the head of the sentence than at the tail: â€Å"To be a great society, America should rely not on the well-intentioned but ineffective policies of government agencies, but on the entrepreneurship and goodness of its citizens.† 4. â€Å"Every year, colleges inject a stream of impassioned, idealistic new leaders into our nation, eager to take on our country’s toughest challenges.† The modifying phrase â€Å"into our nation,† and especially the comma following it, retard the momentum of this sentence. By placing the phrase earlier in the sentence, the writer solidifies the â€Å"inject . . . nation† imagery and omits the obstructive comma, thereby streamlining the statement: â€Å"Every year, colleges inject into our nation a stream of impassioned, idealistic new leaders eager to take on our country’s toughest challenges.† 5. â€Å"The fact is, evangelicals have progressed a long way in a very short time when it comes to relations with Catholics.† The explanatory modifier about the target segment of Christians for the evangelicals is best located earlier in the sentence, which is strengthened by placing the accomplishment at its end: â€Å"The fact is, when it comes to relations with Catholics, evangelicals have progressed a long way in a very short time.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:5 Uses of InfinitivesWhat to Do When Words Appear Twice in a RowCareful with Words Used as Noun and Verb

Should the US Pull Their Troops out of Iraq Essay

Should the US Pull Their Troops out of Iraq - Essay Example However, during Gulf War I most of Saddam's weapons were destroyed and, with the country under a very strict embargo since then, it is virtually impossible he could have accumulated such an arsenal. Experts often argue that the US should not be trying to re-build a nation according to its own values. Additionally, it is believed that the presence of US troops in the area is fuelling the civil war that is taking place there. During the years following the Golf War I, the US bombed Iraq daily killing thousands of Iraqis and it is thus not surprising that the Americans are viewed as occupiers. Many Iraqis firmly believe that America has come to conquer and not to aid them. In terms of the economic cost, it was L. Lindsey, President Bush’s economic adviser, who several years ago suggested that the cost of the war would reach $200 billion. Since then, this has been proved to be a serious underestimation: the US Congress has already spent in the order of $357 billion for military op erations, reconstruction works, enhanced security at US bases and foreign aid programs in Iraq and the neighbouring Afghanistan. Therefore, if the reasons to start the war were: 1) liberation of Iraq of the regime of terror imposed by Saddam; 2) the establishment of a democracy; 3) self-defence and elimination of any weapons of mass destruction; and 4) protection of the Middle East; and these issues have now been resolved (liberation of Iraq has been achieved and Saddam has been tried and executed for the crimes he committed.; a democracy or at least a new government selected after democratic elections has started to exercise power; weapons of mass destruction were never found; there is no risk that a country in ruins will try to attack or invade the neighbouring countries-even when Saddam was alive this was quite a remote possibility) What is the presence of the US troops in the area achieving The answer is simple: nothing. From an international point of view, the presence of US troops is only aggravating the problem, increasing the possibilities of a bloody civil war. From a domestic point of view the deployment of troops in Iraq weakens the US military power; it detracts attention from other issues, such as international terrorism and the situation with North Korea and Iran; and the economic and human cost has risen significantly. While an early withdrawal of the troops has been announced by the British government, President Bush has confirmed an additional 21,500 additional troops will be sent in (Harding and Hardern). Is he seriously damaging the image of the US and its international credibility Many believe he is Should the US continue to support Israel There are many reasons for the existing strong relationship between Israel and the US. First, the US was the first country to recognize the state of Israel. Secondly, the US has maintained a very profitable arm trade with Israel for a number of years. Thirdly, Israel is a very useful non-NATO ally that has a very strategic location in the "explosive" Middle East.

540 team paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

540 team paper - Essay Example That is, when both the companies announced their plans to merge, the financial issue that impeded the progress of the actualization of merger is the view, that, large stock transactions between HP and Compaq appear to be statistically more risky. So, immediately after the announcement, â€Å"H-Ps stock closed at $18.87, down sharply from $23.21 the previous trading day. On May 3, 2002, when the deal was officially consummated, the stock ended the day at $17.44† (Knowledge@Wharton, 2004). But, this skepticism and the initial problems were overcome by the HP management by looking at the positive aspects of the merger. That is, the HP management wished that through large stock transactions (which were considered risky in the first place), HP will be able to â€Å"achieve annual cost savings of $2.5 billion, which will add $5 to $9 to each HP share; and at the same time will increase earnings per share by 13% during the first year following the merger† (cybermedia India Onl ine, 2003). This positive response or strategy worked in favor of the merger in 2002. So, the outcome of the company’s positive response to the financial issue, and the resultant merger, is HP was able to dominate the sector of desktops, laptops, and servers in various world markets. But, on the other side, even after the merger, there was opposition from the scions of HP founders. That is, both Walter Hewlett, son of HP founder William Hewlett and David Woodley Packard, son of co-founder David Packard opposed the merger for various reasons including the risks caused by large scale transactions. But, now the merged entity is functioning smoothly without any major hindrances. Like in the Lester scenario, in which the merger plans between Lester Electronics and Shwang-wa does not actualize due to the financial issues, the merger plans between French companies, Gaz de France and Suez O. K. also gets

Discipline in Schools Essay Example for Free

Discipline in Schools Essay A majority of us have families with children various ages, and the title of this article caught my eye for the simple fact I have teenage kids in school that have previously been assigned in-school suspension for minor disciplinary acts such as being tardy or turning in incomplete assignments. Working adults and parents are the primary targets of this particular article which sparks my personal interest towards this issue. I felt the author of this article gave a somewhat neutral observation of this topic, giving both sides of the story in a calm yet quite informative tone. He listed infractions that resulted in suspensions as well as different types of suspension outcomes. It’s important to note that suspending a student for being disruptive in class and suspending a student for fighting should be handled differently however both instances should require the students to continue working on their curriculum. With references from other educators as well as reports from the US Department of Education I would have to say that the contents of this article appear to be creditable. Results from out of school suspensions prove to be doing more harm than good, leaving students at home unsupervised with a couple days off with no curriculum to work on verses the alternative of requiring students to attend on the weekends seems to be a better solution, however funding for weekend programs is a separate issue. The authors intend of this article is to inform and acknowledge new alternatives need to be explored when it comes to disciplinary actions such as suspensions. Additional resources will have to be implemented, academic and financial. Overall I thought this to be a particularly interesting and informative article.

Essay --

Eric Lopez Professor Katie Albany English 1101 18 December 2013 The Ins and Outs of an Computer Hardware Engineer Introduction Computer hardware engineering is a major where people deal with various parts of computer hardware like motherboards and microchips in multiple ways and want to see beyond the computer parts to look at the ins and outs of it. They are the ones that produces the technology that remains a big phenomenon all over the world from personal computers to cell phones, and continues to improve on it for generations to come. They use this knowledge to do multiple things including helping consumers with their computer problems, analyzing public data to determine what the public needs and how to make it happen, and produce their own computer hardware by planning their own designs to produce new hardware for commercial, consumer, and military use, test it out, and then distribute it out for use. Paragraph #1 But what would a computer hardware engineer be without the important knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSAs) you’ll need to succeed in this field? In terms of knowledge, you are pretty much required to know a bit about math, science and even some ELA, as the principles of these subjects allow computer hardware engineers to read special technical symbols, calculate computer data and come up with the best solution to a technical problem properly and economically. You also need to have some understanding of the ins and outs of computer technology. You can get a fresh start in high school by taking advanced courses of math and science, while also taking classes relating to computer software, hardware, programming, and networking to know about stuff you never knew about and even if you are aware of these topics, it is ... ...† according to WiseGeek. They will repeat the whole procedure again and again, constructing new gadgets to comply with the new advancements in technology while at the same time, bettering existing computers to allow it to work with the new computer technology. Conclusion creation of their own original products, as they go and produce their own things, they have to go through a process to make sure that the final product is fully tested and top quality; they think about various things about it like the parts required to They also help maintain other people’s computers by troubleshooting the device in many ways like using their mind, research, and proper testing of various computer parts to determine the reason for the problem whether it’s their own creations or producing computer peripherals. through the they create their own computer products engineers

Compare Contrast Paper

W. B Monday October 1, 2012 Compare / Contrast Essay The differences and similarities between Ramayana and Gilgamesh are very noticeable. In my opinion Ramayana and Gilgamesh are like water and wine. While they both fight battles and they are both important people in their home lands, they have totally different ways of going about life and totally different views on their power as king. â€Å"To bad as well as good, to all, A generous man compassion shows; On earth no mortal lives, he knows, Who does not oft through weakness fall. †- Ramayana.This quote to me means that all men are equal, one must show compassion towards all things because no matter what journey we take we all come to the same end. Like Gilgamesh, Ramayana was also born into a very wealthy family and destined to become king of his empire. However, unlike Gilgamesh, Ramayana was a very noble and kind hearted ruler. Ramayana was respected and loved by his people who all knew he would one day make a great king. Gilgamesh on the other hand was already king and abused his power. Instead of being a great ruler and looking out for his people, he only thought of himself.Gilgamesh made his people work very hard, and to be even worse he raped the brides on their wedding nights. â€Å"I have peered over the city wall, I have seen the corpses floating in the river’s water. So too it will come to pass for me, so it will happen to me†¦ Since no man can avoid life’s end, I would enter the mountain land and set up my name. † – Gilgamesh This quote I think best describes Gilgamesh and shows just how selfish and arrogant he is. He sees the pain and sorrow of his people and realizes that no one escapes death but instead of trying to help them out he tries to figure out a way to become immortal.Gilgamesh and Ramayana both go through battles that show their strengths. However, Gilgamesh goes searching for his battles and Ramayana’s battles are brought upon him. After being banished from his kingdom Ramayana goes to live in the forest with his wife and brother. They live in harmony and peace until the evil demon king Ravana takes away Ram’s wife Sita in revenge for Ram having disfigured Ravana’s sister. This event brings out the warrior in Ram and he goes to the end of the world to save his love. Gilgamesh’s battles are very different. They are merely battles he seeks to show off how powerful he is.Gilgamesh unlike Ram does not know what love is or how to love someone until he meets Enkidu, who is his soulmate, his equal. Gilgamesh and Enkidu both set of on journeys together to conquer evil and help Gilgamesh find immortality. In the end of his journey Gilgamesh looses Enkidu as a punishment from the gods and never reaches immortality the way he hoped, he does however turn in to a much nicer person. Ramayana on the other hand fights the battles that he is obligated too, saves his wife and also saves other prisoners of his evi l opponents. In the end he goes back home and takes back his place as the king of his empire.Ramayana and Gilgamesh though living similar lives are two very different people. A kind hearted and peace loving Ramayana only fights when he has no choice and has always known the importance of his people and his family. Where as a cold hearted, and evil Gilgamesh has to experience pain and sorrow before becoming a nicer more contentious person. All the power that Gilgamesh has makes him think he is better and above all on the other hand all the power that Ram has does nothing to him he is always a kind hearted individual. Both Ramayana and Gilgamesh end up becoming immortal in that their legends live on.They both believe in the power of the gods and that they are very important. Except Ramayana respects the gods and Gilgamesh thinks so highly of himself he believes the gods are on his side because of how strong he is until he learns the hard way that he too can be punished. The stories of Ramayana and Gilgamesh were very similar in that they both had life journeys, battles and other difficulties to overcome. The epics also show just how different both characters are even though they live through similar life events and end up the same.. dead but immortal through the passing of their stories.

First aid impotance

Here are eight reasons you should take Child CPR and First Aid: 1 . There are differences between Infant CPR and Child CPR, including: hand placement; the technique for compressions; how deep to push; the technique to give a breath. 2. Practice matters! We know from science that the retention of CPR skills is at best 6 months without review, and a change in skills complicates the issue. The American Heart Association recommends everyone should take a CPR class every two years; but f you only took Infant CPR, you haven't yet learned what to do on a child older than one. . Your toddler is mobile. This developmental fact changes a lot! Injuries are now more common. And since a toddler is still gaining a sense of balance and his head is still heavy, the majority of falls in a toddler impact the head and face. Would you know what to do? 4. First Aid is used on a weekly, if not daily, basis for most toddlers! Think of everything your toddler gets into these days. Theyre more ndependent, ex ploring their world, and testing limits.We'll discuss how to make their environment safer. Prevention is key. 5. Choking is more common. Young children, ages 1-5 are at a higher risk for choking since they are now eating new foods, and are also more likely to try to run while eating or not properly chew their food. The choke-saving skills are different for children than infants, so again that hands-on practice is important! 6. A chance to share experiences. In almost everyChild CPR and First Aid class, there are a few people who have already been to the ER with their toddler or called their pediatrician with concerns over an injury. Learn from other parents! 7. This class is for ALL caregivers. Anyone who cares for your toddler needs to have this knowledge. Nannies, grandparents, parents. 8. You'll have the skills to save a life. I saved my daughter's life. As an American Heart Association instructor, as the Program Manager for CPR and Safety at Isis, and most importantly as a paren t, I want you to have these skills, too.

health care ethics essays

health care ethics essays Improving Access to Health Care for the Uninsured For decades, the American system of health care has relied primarily on employer-sponsored insurance programs as a gateway through which individuals access health care services. Gaps have been filled in through public insurance programs such as Medicare, Medicaid, the State Childrens Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) and other more locally-based programs to cover elderly, disabled and certain low income populations who cannot access the employer-based market. In addition, the government (federal, state and local) provides certain limited subsidies (e.g., tax deductions for the self-employed) for individuals to purchase insurance policies in the private market on their own. While this system has worked effectively for many Americans, it has left behind a significant number approximately 42 million who lack any form of health insurance coverage. For these individuals, the country has developed an institutional health care safety net to ensure that they nevertheless receive access to needed care. This institutional safety net is comprised of the many hospitals, clinics and individual providers who serve all who seek their care without regard to ability to pay. Most of these providers receive some support for the uncompensated care they provide through various public programs (on the federal, state and local levels). America has long relied on this two-tiered approach to addressing the problem of the uninsured: expanding access to insurance coverage while providing financial support to safety net providers serving the uninsured. Some policymakers prefer to emphasize coverage over institutional support for providers, others might tip the balance in the other direction. But the two strategies are inexorably linked: if we do not expand insurance coverage we will need a strong system of safety net providers to serve the higher number of uni ...

Quotes on Love and Friendship

Quotes on Love and Friendship On a lot of issues, Friedrich Nietzsche was one of the most passionately opinionated luminaries. However, not many would expect quotes on love and friendship from Nietzsche. In addition to him, many other famous authors have opined on love. Here is a collection of quotes on love and friendship by famous authors. Charles Caleb Colton Friendship often ends in love; but love in friendship never.Jane Austen Friendship is the finest balm for the pangs of despised love.George Jean Nathan Love demands infinitely less than friendship.Paul Valery It would be impossible to love anyone or anything one knew completely. Love is directed towards what lies hidden in its object.Friedrich Nietzsche It is not a lack of love, but a lack of friendship that makes unhappy marriages.Fr. Jerome Cummings A friend is one who knows us, but loves us anyway.Sarah McLachlan My love, you know you are my best friend.You know that Id do anything for youAnd my love, let nothing come between us.My love for you is strong and true.Margaret Guenther We all need friends with whom we can speak of our deepest concerns, and who do not fear to speak the truth in love to us.Andre Pevost Platonic love is like an inactive volcano.Ella Wheeler Wilcox All love that has not friendship for its base is like a mansion built upon the sand.E. Joseph Crossmann Love is friendship set to music. Hannah Arendt Love, in distinction from friendship, is killed, or rather extinguished, the moment it is displayed in public.Francois Mauriac No love, no friendship, can cross the path of our destiny without leaving some mark on it forever.Agnes Repplier We cannot really love anybody with whom we never laugh.

Motivation in Workplace Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Motivation in Workplace - Essay Example The earlier theories of motivation include the work of many pioneers in the field such as Herzberg, Maslow etc and attempted to analyse and evaluate the motivation within work environment. However, the literature on the subject has evolved over the period of time to include many important and new topics also. This essay will look into the motivation concepts and theories as outlined in the work of Maslow, Aldefer, and Herzberg besides discussing the motivation theory of acquired needs. It is also important to understand that this paper will attempt to analyse above mentioned theories with respect to FBI- an American agency involved in criminal justice. Maslow's theory of motivation is one of the earliest attempts to study motivation and it advocated a systematic and staged process of motivation. According to this theory, in order to motivate an employee, it is necessary that first the physical needs of the employee are taken care off. ... FBI agents though might have a good pay and most of their physical needs are fulfilled however their social security and safety stage may not be achieved. One of the most critical flaws in Maslow's theory of motivation is the fact that it advocates that an employee cannot proceed to next stage if her needs at the earliest stage are not fulfilled therefore though given the nature of the job of FBI agents, their social security and safety may not be guaranteed by their employer. In this regards, Maslow's theory of motivation may not be the appropriate theory to achieve employee motivation until it allow the skipping of various stages of motivation. Aldefer's theory of motivation Aldefer's ERG theory is another attempt to look at the motivation in much broader level as compared to the Maslow's theory. ERG theory is also a hierarchical in nature as that of Maslow's however it attempts to reduce the stages of motivation and classify the human needs into three classes or stages. Existence, Relatedness and Growth are three stages of motivation as outlined by Aldefer. The first level of motivation which is of existence suggest that in order to motivate an employee it is important that the employee's physiological needs are fulfilled first and then followed by the security needs. Since FBI is a crime investigation agency and most of its employees are directly involved into crime investigation which involve possible threat to the life therefore again like Maslow's theory, the safety needs of the employee are not being guaranteed by FBI. It is important to note that FBI has in place different benefits for its employees including Health Insurance benefits, life insurance benefits, retirement

Compare - Contrast Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Compare - Contrast Paper - Essay Example Thus, Emily spends years with a corpse and her death unravels the ambiguity of Homer Barron’s disappearance. Simultaneously, the short story of Turman Capote â€Å"A Christmas Memory† from written from an autobiographical reflective aspect; thus, it entails the tale of two friends living with far away relatives in destitution. Hence, this narrative centralizes around the adventures and experiences of two odd-age friends, an elderly eccentric spinster and a young boy of seven named Buddy. Throughout, their course of friendship even in their pecuniary famines, their time together was ecstatic and memorable (Turman). Thus, Capote has intertwined his narrative of reminiscence in a fictionist character of Buddy, who does not feel the adversity of life in the presence of his elderly cheerful distant cousin. Hence, their simple life is full of happiness because of their cheerful disposition and behaviour. Absence of companionship brings immense changes in a person’s lif e. Thus, people tend to accept isolation and keep their past memories alive to cherish them. William Faulkner’s monstrous and gothic Southern tale is a compilation of many unconventional themes of the late twentieth century. Thus, this short tale entails death, isolation, absence of companionship, murder, rigid Southern aristocratic norms and most prominently the theme of necrophilia. Moreover, it also entails sub-themes as obsession, denial, radical change in society, haunting memories and the aspect of austerity in clemency. Isolation since childhood impacted on Emily’ mental stability and she transformed into an eccentric individual, who could go to extreme extent to save her memories or literally to bring back the dead loved ones into her life. She couldn’t accept the death of her father on the second day of his funeral; subsequently, she kept the corpse of her lover in her house, which further proved her insanity (necrophilia). Instead of cherishing the mem ories from her past she kept the physical corpse with herself, to comfort from dead Homer Barron’s companionship. Thus, â€Å"the strand of iron-gray hair† ( Kriszner, p.125) with the skeleton Homer Barron’s corpse further corroborates that she couldn’t let go her past. On the other hand, Turman Capote’s brief and highly influenced autobiographical narrative entails the main themes of friendship, joyous memories, simplicity, paucity, compassion and generosity, separation, isolation and eventually death along with stark realities of life. Thus, the author has enabled his readers to take a peek into the lives of two odd age cousins, who cherished the company of one another without getting gloomy about the deficiencies in their lives. Thus, the fruit cake season, kite flying, searching for the best tree for Christmas decoration and unwrapping presents were the most precious and memorable experiences of a seven year old Buddy with his sixty plus female cousin. Hence, throughout the story the author has been narrating this tale in present tense just to cherish those past moments spent with his elderly friend. The author has articulated his tale in a manner, which serves rightly to his intensions, to feel the happiness of past and to recall it in a present tense to emphasize on the aspect that the memories with her cannot be dead or become a past phenomenon. Hence, his readers are neither surprised due to any grotesque element nor

Risk Assessment Audit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Risk Assessment Audit - Essay Example This is especially on the employees who have major and significant problems in their places of work within the GE Oil & Gas Inc company. GE Oil & Gas Inc has gone on a considerable expansion program in West Africa and this has made it to encounter a lot of problem in relation to management and employee related issues. Audit report Petroleum and oil drilling and development together with it consumption has always been linked with widespread impact on the environment. Environmental impact occurs at all levels of oil and gas sequence but is apparent during upstream level of operations. The upstream level involves oil and gas exploration and production with impact such as accidental spills or atmospheric emissions. The environmental impact has conventionally not the focus on many players, and the oil and gas industry was not under immense environmental regulation for substance period during it operations. It is apparent that environmental regulation focusing on the oil and gas industry i s a latest phenomenon only few years old. Housing accommodation The housing for the GE Oil & Gas Inc is structured to meet all the employer and employees requirements in the various differentiated departments. This housing accommodation is for the employees of the GE Oil & Gas Inc and also the employers who manage the activities in the region that the GE Oil & Gas Inc is located in West Africa. The housing accommodation is not sufficient for the entire large stuff that is increasing with the expansion of the exploration processes and activities of the GE Oil & Gas Inc company. This makes the different aspects of the housing accommodation to be a matter of concern that should be addressed within time since it is crucial to ensure than the GE Oil & Gas Inc’s workers have shelter in order to perform better in their respective job sections. The jobs that have been well served with housing accommodation adequately include those of the top management criterion. This includes the ma naging director and the board of directors that maintain and supervise on the other junior employees. This is not that it is unfair; it is just that the West Africa branch of GE Oil & Gas Inc is still starting and has not fully become functional. Other housing accommodations are being constructed and within no time the issue will be solved. The buildings to house the equipments and the relevant tools operated by the company have all been completed since they come first in the priority list. Recommendations The housing accommodation should be provided for all the employees that have it in their respective detail in their contractual terms with the GE Oil & Gas Inc company. The housing accommodation is however up to the level required and the houses have been constructed according to recommended architectural designs. The condition of the trucks The condition of the trucks is not appealing. This is in terms of the type and the age of the trucks used in carrying the products of GE Oil & Gas Inc Company. The trucks that are used in West Africa are very much worn out as is the norm in most African construction companies that are small scale. The GE Oil & Gas Inc Company has picked up some of this habits and it’s not pretty for the colossal company that has some considerable control on the oil and gas market in the global economy. The company is very much in shape when it

Effect of Overdenture on Teeth Stability

Effect of Overdenture on Teeth Stability Effect of overdenture with vital and non-vital abutment teeth on the teeth stability Abstract Objective: This study aimed to examine the effect of overdenture over vital and non-vital abutment teeth on the teeth stability. Methods: An experimental study was conducted as non-randomized controlled trial at Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Albaha University, Saudi Arabia during 12 months (December 2013 to November 2014). Thirty patients were voluntary participated in this study, first group overdenture over vital abutment teeth and the second group overdenture over non-vital abutment teeth. Attachment loss and teeth mobility were evaluated, after 3 months, 6 months and finally after 12 months. The data were collected from the two groups by questionnaire for demographic characteristics and observation checklist for assessing attachment loss and teeth mobility. The data were then analyzed by computerized method; Statistical Package for Social Sciences, (SPSS version 20). Results: The study showed that the patients have homogenous demographic characteristics. Overdenture over vital abutment teeth showed minimum attachment loss and teeth mobility compared to the overdenture over non-vital abutment teeth. These differences were with high significant statistics Conclusion: It was concluded that, the overdenture over vital abutment teeth was more stable and showed less teeth mobility and less attachment loss than that made over non-vital teeth. Keywords: Overdenture, vital and non-vital abutment teeth, attachment loss and teeth mobility. Introduction: The difference of overdenture from a conventional denture is the precision of dental attachments underneath that gives the overdenture much better retention. In general, the life expectancy of an overdenture is pretty good, and although the process is quite complicated, the benefits far outweigh the cost and time involved.This is because overdenture is very stable and feels more like natural teeth than ordinary dentures.They are also more retentive and help preserve the remaining bone (1). Overdenture could be used with implants or over the natural teeth. The teeth provide good stability for the dentures so that patients feel much better in the same way as natural teeth, and they can be confident that they won’t move around or fall out, alleviating the need to use messy adhesives (2). There is less pressure on the alveolar ridge than with conventional dentures and patients generally feel a lot more confident and can enjoy better health through being able to have better nutrition (2). Many patients with dentures seek for resolution of soreness of bearing tissues and non-stable or retentive dentures, that may increase esthetics, function, comfort, and psychological benefits from implant overdentures, without the need for more extensive fixed restorations (4,5). Overdentures are caries and periodontal diseases of the abutment teeth as bone resorption. Bone resorption in edentulous alveolar processes has been studied extensively, and the conclusion has been reached that it is a chronic, progressive and irreversible process that occurs in all patients (6). As a general rule, four implants are the minimal number in the maxilla in order to remove partial palatal coverage. While maxillary overdenture implants tend to show a slightly higher risk of failure than seen in the mandible, this clearly appears to be related not to the prosthetic design but originates as a direct consequence of compromised preoperative bone, thereby necessitating a reduced number, length, diameter, and angulation of implants (7,8,9). Differences have been observed between individuals in the amount and speed at which alveolar bone is lost, which have been attributed to a diversity of factors such as age, sex, facial anatomy, metabolism, oral hygiene, general health, nutritional status, systematic illnesses, osteoporosis, medications and the amount of time the patient has been edentulous (10,11,12,13). There is a lack of evidence investigating the efficiency of overdenture over vital and non-vital abutment teeth on the supporting structures. This study aimed to examine the effect of overdenture over vital and non-vital abutment teeth on the teeth stability. Methods: An experimental study was conducted at Albaha region, Saudi Arabia during 12 months (December 2013 to November 2014). The study sample consisted of 30 patients (men) with age of 59 years or above. They were partially edentulous for an average of 28 years, and were wearing their third lower denture. The patients selected were free from systemic diseases. The sample was divided into two groups each of 15 patients, both treated with overdenture, but they were different in the abutment teeth, the first group had vital abutment teeth while the second group had non-vital (endodontically treated) teeth. Both groups weared overdentures and evaluated 3 months, then 6 months and lastly after 12 months, as regarding to the attachment loss and tooth mobility of the abutment teeth in a both groups with vital and non-vital abutment teeth. Preparation of the abutment teeth was done as follow; the crown of each tooth was reduced 2-3 mm above the free gingival margin proceeding labially and lingually till a dome shaped. Preparation was obtained with a chamfer finishing line placed subgingivally. The crest of the dome shape was placed over the long axis of the abutment and the sharp points were rounded. This study was approved by the Ethical Committee at Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Albaha University (attached). The consents forms were filled by all participants. The right of the participants to withdraw any time was explained and preserved during the study. The data were collected and statistically analyzed. The data were then analyzed by computerized method; (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) (SPSS version 20). The chi-square test was used to test differences in patients’ demographic characteristics in the two groups. The independent t-test was used to identify differences between the two groups. Paired sample t-test was used to measure differences before and after intervention. All values were tabulated as average (mean) with standard deviation (SD). P values less than 0.05 were considered significant with level of confidence 95%. Results summary: As shown in Table (1), thirty patients participated in this study were homogenous in the demographic characteristics. There were insignificant differences in the variables such as age, education level, and years of edentulous, (P > 0.05). As shown in Table (2) and Figure (1), the attachment loss (expressed in mm) in the first group and second group. It was clear from the table that there were significant increases in the attachment loss with time. It also showed that the increases in second group are significantly higher than first group. The table also showed the significant increase of attachment loss and teeth mobility in second group (non-vital abutment) higher than first group (with vital abutment teeth). Table (3) and Figure (1) showed the abutment teeth mobility and bone height (expressed in mm) in the first and second groups. It was clear from the table that there were also significant increases through the time in the abutment teeth mobility and bone height (expressed in mm). It also showed that the increases in second group are significantly higher than first group. Tables and Figures: Table1: Characteristics of group 1 and group 2 patients participated in the study. Variable Group 1 n1 (%) Group 2 n2 (%) P value Education level Illiterate 23 (76.7%) 26 (86.7%) 0.12 Primary 7 (23.3%) 4 (13.3%) Age of patients 59.34  ± 1.76 58.65  ± 2.64 0.65 Years of edentulous 28.12  ± 2.76 27.89  ± 1.67 0.50 Table 2: Comparing the means and standard deviations between the attachment loss for the first group of the vital abutment teeth and second group with non-vital abutment teeth at the different times Variable Group 1 Mean  ± SD Group 2 Mean  ± SD P value Time of evaluation 3 months 0.60 mm  ±0.11 0.97mm ±0.15 0.04* 6 months 0.75 mm  ±0.19* 1.23mm ±0.20* 0.02* 12 months 0.81 mm  ±0.51* 1.54mm ±0.49* 0.01* (*) Significant Table 3: Comparing the means and standard deviations of the tooth mobility between the first group of the vital abutment teeth and second group with non-vital abutment teeth at the different times Variable Group 1 Mean  ± SD Group 2 Mean  ± SD P value Time of evaluation 3 months 0.10 mm  ±0.13 0.16 ±0.15 0.01* 6 months 0.22 mm  ±0.25 0.28 ±0.29 0.01* 12 months 0.48 mm  ±0.51 0.53 ±0.49 0.04* (*) Significant Figure 1: Comparing the means of the attachment loss and tooth mobility between group 1 of the vital abutment teeth and group 2 with non-vital abutment teeth at different times Discussion: This study showed that the attachment loss in the first group with vital abutment is less than the attachment loss in the group with non-vital abutment. It was clear from the findings that there were significant increases in the attachment loss with time in the second group compared to the first group. A study conducted by Gulizio to compare the alveolar bone loss in the anterior segment area with conventional complete denture to overdenture along five years. It concluded that, there was a significant decrease in alveolar bone loss in case of overdenture as compared to conventional complete denture. They attributed this finding to the presence of carried out some studies that shed light on the resorption process that occurred in patients wearing overdentures on both arches (9). Krennmair, in one study on edentulous patients with facial esthetics and associated structures, found that horizontal loss of hard and soft tissue through resorption, disease, or trauma is so advanced that teeth need to be placed far anterior to the residual ridge in order to provide adequate facial support, then an overdenture (ie, acrylic base and flanges) can provide replacement of these structures (14). Moreover, Bryant tested the type of implant prosthesis effect and outcomes for the completely edentulo us patients, and found that no statistical significant differences in premaxillary bone loss. Alternatively, bone grafting procedures can be performed to augment the missing tissues, but limitations must be evaluated (15). Regarding the teeth mobility, this study showed that the abutment teeth mobility and bone height in the first with vital abutment is less than the second group. It was clear from the findings that there were also significant increases in the tooth mobility through the time in the abutment teeth mobility and bone height in the second group compared to first group. Grageda showed that a single implant mandibular overdenture has additional advantages of being less expensive and invasive and significantly increases the satisfaction and quality of life of patients with edentulism (16). The strengths of this study include comparing two different two methods of overdenture, and the long evaluation period (12 months). The study limitations were; the study was conducted among only thirty patients in Al-baha region; such studies will yield more useful results if conducted on more sample size with complete randomization all over the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. From this study it was concluded that, the overdenture over vital abutment teeth was more stable and showed less teeth mobility and less attachment loss than that made over non-vital teeth.

city history :: essays research papers

The Roman Empire had started at Anatolia. Byzantine Empire had lived between 330 and 1453. The Seljuk Empire had started with having most of Anatolia in the early part of 11th century. The Roman Empire, Byzantine and The Seljuk Empire, all of them have a special place in history. Also there are some similarities and differences among them in terms of their political and administrative structures, socio economic organization, daily life and regional hierarchy. A-) Roman Empire consisted of kings, magistrates, and senators. The king had a big power. He could accept, reject, or overrule senatotors’ decions because he was sen as a God of the earth. In Roman cities, councils transformed city states to central government officals. So urban councils’ functions were seperated two parts. These were civil and military authorities because of centralization. Value of political power and situation of city councilmen diminished with the transformation of authority. The consuls were not the only kings in Roma. Also Roman Empire gave importance to army. They had very organised army, military and farmer soldiers. The farmer soldiers were given grain and they made it such as porridge and wheat. Because of centralization urban councils in cities of Roman Empire. Central government had to divided to seperate civil and military authority. The Roman Empire, political organization was higly centralized and administration structure of the The Roman Emp ire had an ecclesiastic property so that the emperor was accepted as the representative of God. The church had a close relationship with the emperor of The Roman Empire because of this belief. Also christianity became state religion in the beginning period of The Roman Empire. For instace, one of the criterias to be citizen of Roman Empire was belonging to the christian church.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Roman Empire had continued with the Byzantine so major of characteristics of both empires were similar. The Byzantine Empire had city-satates as a heritage from The Roman Empire. The main changes between The Roman Empire and The Byzantine Empire were establishment of the political center and tendency to growing cetralization and reletive compactness of Byzantines’ borders that contrasted with the basic pattern of The Roman Empire. In The Byzantine Empire, church had a big importance at the political instution of senate, the court, and bureacracy. Also political organization was very centralized and the major pivotal forces of the centrality was the emperor, thebureacracy, the army and the church in Byzantine.

Observations on the Conditions of the Working Class During the Industrial Revolution

Observations on the Conditions of the Working Class During the Industrial Revolution The British Industrial Revolution of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries brought about a much needed change in the economic structure of the country. The old fashioned, agricultural based economy that Britain had assumed for centuries had become obsolete, and in the spirit of mercantilism and neighborly competition with the French, the English made the drastic change to a manufacturing based economy (Owen, p. 50). This transformation allowed for the emergence of large, manufacturing based cities, an abundance of English manufactured goods, and made Britain, overall, a very wealthy nation. These byproducts of the Industrial Revolution allowed Britain to make great economic strides, but those that put in the hours at the factories that made such a revolution possible gained almost nothing for their treacherous work. The working class of the Industrial Revolution lived hard, laborious liv es.The majority of their time was spent in the factories, which were very often unsanitary, overcrowded, and hazardous, and when they were able to leave the factory and spend time at home, they were met with equally horrid conditions. Although these people and their work were undoubtedly one of the largest factors towards the successfulness of the Industrial Revolution, they themselves suffered greatly, and reaped nearly no benefits for their work. The overall quality of their lives was incredibly poor. Every arena of their lives, from working conditions and home life, to nutrition and cleanliness, was effected by overwhelming poverty.The urban environment that was thought to be a way out of poverty became a mechanism in which poverty was able to flourish. The life of a working class family during the Industrial Revolution was very much dictated by the factory in which they worked. Employees would spend nearly all day in these horrid environments; most would start their day around f ive o’clock in the morning, and with the exception of two short breaks for meals, would remain in the factory until eight o’clock at night or later (Kay, p. 155). The factories were dingy, brightly lit buildings that housed far too many people at a time.They were consumed with dust and filaments of cotton, and contaminated the surrounding areas with smoke. They were were filled with heat and filth, and contained large, dangerous machines that were often operated by children (Aikin, p. 148). Seven and eight year old children were often sent by their parents to work in the factories, and while there they were treated as adults. Robert Owen noted that the manner in which the young employees were dealt with was responsible for an uneducated and emotionally unstable generation of children. He referred to the children as â€Å"weak in bodily and mental faculties. † (Owen, p. 50-1).The young employees were indeed as horribly unfortunate as Owen described, but upon real izing the conditions they were working in, one can easily see why. The machines in which the children operated were massive and intimidating apparatuses. Cotton mills used spinning machines that were able to hold thousands of spindles at a time, and moved rapidly and forcefully (Aikin, p. 148). Adolescent employees were required to work unreasonably long hours with these machines, for few cared how truly ill-suited the work was for children. The home life of working class families was equally as horrible as their occupations.James Kay wrote in his essay on â€Å"The Moral and Physical Condition of the Working Classes in Manchester† that these families lived in â€Å"ill-furnished, uncleanly, often ill-ventilated, perhaps damp† homes that were consumed in â€Å"absolute filth. † (Kay, p. 156). These dwellings were lumped together in communities, only perpetuating uncleanliness and disease, and were representative of the mindsets and attitudes of the people living in them. Kay noted that entire families would often sleep in a single bed and use â€Å"a heap of filthy straw and covering of old sacking† as bedding. He observed that the â€Å"houses of the poor . . are too generally built back to back, having therefore only one outlet, no yard, no privy, and no receptacle for refuse. † (Kay, p. 156-7). Essentially, what Kay observed about the working class of Manchester was the overwhelming level of poverty that consumed it. The people that lived in these types of dwellings were incredibly poor, and had no way of relieving themselves from the crushing poverty all around them.The lives of the working class peoples were reduced to that of animals; they were practically owned by their employers, who never gave them the freedom to better their lives. These people were not nherently ignorant or sub-human, their living conditions were direct products of cruel treatment and outright disregard for them as human beings. Through processes s uch as workplace advancement, education, or even cleaner living arrangements, the working class would have had a much more plentiful and human-like existence, but they were never given the opportunity to do so. This phenomenon of belittlement was not restricted to the living arrangements; it perpetuated into every area of people’s lives. The typical diet consisted of one true meal a day, which was neither healthy nor substantial.Breakfast usually consisted of a simple cup of tea that was â€Å"most always of a bad, and sometimes of a deleterious quality† (Kay, p. 155). Dinner was the only meal of any true substance, and even it only consisted of boiled potatoes and bacon with melted lard and butter (Kay, p. 155). People with this type of diet were understandably malnourished, and with the combination of poor living and working conditions, they very seldom were in good health. Children often felt the brute force of such an extreme poverty more so than adults, and were à ¢â‚¬Å"ill-fed, dirty, ill-clothed, exposed to cold and neglect. So much so in fact, that over fifty percent of children living in these conditions died before the age of five (Kay, p. 157).Crushing poverty often affects people on an emotional level, and this was very much the case during the Industrial Revolution. Frederick Engels compared the mindset of the workers to slaves, by asserting that the only difference between the two is that the old-fashioned slave was openly recognized as a slave, while the urban factory worker was disguised as a free man (Engels, p. 63). Monotonous labor and a life similar to that of a slave drained the emotions of the working class. Urban life created stone cold and despair ridden replicas of once proud men, loving wives, and innocent children. Factory workers participated in â€Å"habits generally destructive to their own comforts, [and] of the well-being of those around them† out of pure necessity, but perhaps without full knowledge of the c onsequences (Owen, p. 151).Kay compares the toil of the people to King Sisyphus, suggesting that the difficult labor that the factory workers frequently performed was just as in vain as Sisyphus’ endless struggle with his boulder (Kay, p. 155). The tasks required of the poor seemed just as endless to them as it did for Sisyphus, for neither could see an end in sight. The areas in which these people lived became places of crime, caused by the emotional distress of poverty, and were â€Å"inhabited by a turbulent population† (Kay, p. 157).The people became slothful and benevolent, hateful towards outsiders and immigrants from Ireland, and allowed the unpleasantness around them consume them (Kay, p. 154,7). The working class of the Industrial Revolution lived in absolutely horrid conditions. They lived in poverty and filth, they spent their â€Å"superfluous gains on debauchery,† and were treated by the upper classes as if they were animals (Kay, p. 155). They live d short lives filled with work, disease and sorrow, with no way out except for death.

Psychology- Prejudice Essay

1. Evaluate Tajfel’s core study in terms of streotypes and weakness [10] Prejudice and Discrimination have been always controversial and it has become one of the crucial topics in the world of Social Psychology. Henry Tajfel was a British social psychology who is well known for his SIT or Social Identity Theory; ‘Intergroup Discrimination’ (1970). This theory has been useful to identify the social causes of prejudice and as well as explaining individual differences. First of all, this study is aimed to show or demonstrate that merely putting or diving people into groups could cause them to discriminate the other group. Tajfel’s procedure of the experiment involved two laboratory experiments. The subjects of the first experiment contained 64 boys, 14 and 15 year-old from a school in Bristol. The boys from each group knew each other well, since they were actually in the same houses at the school. The second experiment was similar to the first one, since 48 students also already knew each other. In terms of stereotypes and his study, Tajfel proposed that Stereotyping or putting people into groups is based on a normal cognitive; we tend to group or categories things. By the statement, he meant that we see the people in our group are just the ‘same’ with us because there are certain similarities that makes us parallel with them and there’ll be a tendency of us calling the ‘same’ people â€Å"us† and those who are different or out-group â€Å"them†. This study also has its weaknesses and strengths. One of the strengths; Laboratory experiment method, which makes him to able controlling the environment in terms of what the subjects had experienced during the test, therefore he can ensure that there are no influences that would change their behaviour later on. Manipulation of the environment also makes him able to obtain replication due to its standardness in procedures. However, since all of the participants were all male, similar age and came from the same country. In terms of experiment, this study has become biased. It is difficult to decide whether it is good enough to be generalised, due to its gender, age and geographical limitations. The ecological validity is doubtful, considering the experiments were lab studies, where we can jump to an argument that this involved unusual task is held in artificial environment. In other words, the participants acted in the way they thought was demanded of them; Demand Characteristic. This experiment deals with a disruptive and anti-social, very general commons of society in explaining and understanding the causes of prejudice and discrimination. Moreover, this piece of research could be beneficial or helpful to our daily life. Nevertheless, the applications are still limited, regard to ecological validity and the gender, race and cultures.